Sea Foods Consumption May Pose Health Risk - New Research

Scientists have warned the global community about the dangers of ocean plastics contamination. They said that people who eat seafood, ingest up to 11,000 tiny pieces of plastic every year with dozens of particles becoming embedded in tissues.
According to scientists from the University of Ghent in Belgium, microplastics accumulate in the body over time and could pose a long-term health risk. Microplastics are small plastic particles in the environment that are generally smaller than 1 mm (0.039 in) down to the micrometre range.
Coming from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes, two classifications of microplastics that currently exist are primary microplastics which are manufactured and are a direct result of human material and product use; and secondary microplastics, which are microscopic plastic fragments derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris like the macroscopic parts that make up the bulk of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
However, both types persist in the environment at high levels, particularly in aquatic and marine ecosystems. Because plastics do not break down for many years, they can be ingested and incorporated into and accumulated in the bodies and tissues of many organisms.
The researchers noted that the amount of plastic absorbed will only get worse as pollution in the oceans increases, the ‘newsmaxHealth’ reported. Reacting to the development, Lead researcher, Dr. Colin Janssen, said, “Now we’ve established that they do enter our body and can stay there for quite a while; we do need to know the fate of the plastics.” “Where do they go? Are they encapsulated by tissue and forgotten about by the body, or are they causing inflammation or doing other things?
“Are chemicals leaching out of these plastics and then causing toxicity? We don’t know and actually we do need to know.”
We've long known that the fish we eat are exposed to toxic chemicals in the rivers, bays and oceans they inhabit. The substance that's gotten the most attention — because it has shown up at disturbingly high levels in some fish — is mercury.
But mercury is just one of a slew of synthetic and organic pollutants that fish can ingest and absorb into their tissue. Sometimes it's because we're dumping chemicals right into the ocean. But as a study published recently in Nature, Scientific Reports helps illuminate, sometimes fish get chemicals from the plastic debris they ingest.
"The ocean is basically a toilet bowl for all of our chemical pollutants and waste in general," says Chelsea Rochman, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Davis, who authored the study. "Eventually, we start to see those contaminants high up in the food chain, in seafood and wildlife."
For many years, scientists have known that chemicals will move up the food chain as predators absorb the chemicals consumed by their prey. That's why the biggest, fattiest fish, like tuna and swordfish, tend to have the highest levels of mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other dioxins. (And that's concerning, given that canned tuna was the second most popular fish consumed in the U.S. in 2012, according to the National Fisheries Institute.)
Most of this sea foods are imported into West African Countries including Nigeria, where they are used as staple foods in most homes. With the recent research findings, analysts say a thorough awareness campaign has to be carried out to sensitize the general public on the dangers posed by this sea foods. WHO, people feel, should also step up its campaign against marine pollution in other to save humanity from a collapse of the marine food chain.

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Prevent Heart Disease, Diabetes And Cancer With Tomatoes

Whether you refer to tomato as a fruit or a vegetable, there is no doubt that a tomato is a nutrient-dense, super-food that most people should be eating more of. The tomato has been referred to as a "functional food," a food that goes beyond providing just basic nutrition, additionally preventing chronic diseases and delivering other health benefits, due to beneficial phytochemicals such as lycopene. Despite the popularity of the tomato, only 200 years ago it was thought to be poisonous in the U.S., likely because the plant belongs to the nightshade family, of which some species are truly poisonous.
The benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables of all kinds, including tomatoes, are infinite. As plant food consumption goes up, the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer goes down. High fruit and vegetable intake is also associated with healthy skin and hair, increased energy and lower weight. Increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables significantly decreases the risk of obesity and overall mortality.
As an excellent source of the strong antioxidant vitamin C and other antioxidants, tomatoes can help combat the formation of free radicals known to cause cancer. Lycopene has been linked with prostate cancer prevention in several studies. According to John Erdman, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of the department of food science and human nutrition at the University of Illinois, "There's very good, strong, epidemiological support for increased consumption of tomato products and lower incidence of prostate cancer.
Among younger men, diets rich in beta-carotene may play a protective role against prostate cancer, according to a study conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health's Department of Nutrition. Beta-carotene consumption has been shown to have an inverse association with the development of colon cancer in the Japanese population. High fiber intakes from tomatoes  are associated with a lowered risk of colorectal cancer.
The fiber, potassium, vitamin C and chlorine content in tomatoes all support heart health. An increase in potassium intake along with a decrease in sodium intake is the most important dietary change that a person can make to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease, according to Mark Houston, M.D., M.S., an associate clinical professor of medicine at Vanderbilt Medical School and director of the Hypertension Institute at St. Thomas Hospital in Tennessee. In one study, those who consumed 4069 mg of potassium per day had a 49 percent lower risk of death from ischemic heart disease compared with those who consumed less potassium (about 1000 mg per day). High potassium intakes are also associated with a reduced risk of stroke, protection against loss of muscle mass, preservation of bone mineral density and reduction in the formation of kidney stones. Studies have shown that type 1 diabetics who consume high-fiber diets have lower blood glucose levels and type 2 diabetics may have improved blood sugar, lipids and insulin levels. One cup of cherry tomatoes provides about 2 grams of fiber and potassium.
Collagen, the skins support system, is reliant on vitamin C as an essential nutrient that works in our body as an antioxidant to help prevent damage caused by the sun, pollution and smoke, smooth wrinkles and improve overall skin texture. Eating foods that are high in water content and fiber like tomatoes can help to keep you hydrated and your bowel movements regular. Fiber is essential for minimizing constipation and adding bulk to the stool.
 Adequate folic acid intake is essential for pregnant women to protect against neural tube defects in infants. The folic acid in tomatoes may also help with depression by preventing an excess of homocysteine from forming in the body, which can prevent blood and other nutrients from reaching the brain. Excess homocysteine interferes with the production of the feel-good hormones serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which regulate not only mood, but sleep and appetite as well. One medium tomato (approximately 123 grams) provides 22 calories, 0 grams of fat, 5 grams of carbohydrate (including 1 gram of fiber and 3 grams of sugar) and 1 gram of protein. Alpha-lipoic acid helps the body to convert glucose into energy. Some evidence suggests that alpha-lipoic acid can aid in blood glucose control, improve vasodilation and protect against retinopathy in diabetic patients and may even help preserve brain and nerve tissue.
Lycopene is the antioxidant that gives tomatoes their rich red color. Tomatoes account for 80 percent of lycopene consumption. Choline is an important nutrient found in tomatoes that helps with sleep, muscle movement, learning and memory. Choline also helps to maintain the structure of cellular membranes, aids in the transmission of nerve impulses, assists in the absorption of fat and reduces chronic inflammation.

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How Weekend Exercise Reduces Risk Of Early Death - Experts

In an effort to make more people improve their health, scientists have revealed that cramming all recommended weekly exercise into one or two weekend sessions is enough to produce important health benefits.
These are contained in a report published in ‘JAMA Internal Medicine’. According to the report, being active without managing 150 minutes of moderate activity a week was still enough to reduce the risk of an early death by a third.
Health experts said purposeful exercise was key to better health. The researchers said this was good news for people with a busy lifestyle who turned into “weekend warriors” in order to fit in all their recommended physical activity.
The findings are based on a survey of about 64,000 adults aged over 40 in England and Scotland. Researchers from Loughborough University and the University of Sydney analysed data on the time people spent doing exercise and their health over 18 years.
They found that no matter how often people exercised in a week or for how long, the health benefits were similar as long as they met the activity guidelines.
Exercise is the physical exertion of the body – making the body do a physical activity which results in a healthy or healthier level of physical fitness and both physical and mental health.
The health benefits of regular exercise and physical activity are hard to ignore. Everyone benefits from exercise, regardless of age, sex or physical ability. Compared with those who didn’t exercise at all, people who did some kind of physical activity – whether regularly or irregularly – showed a lower risk of dying from cancer and from cardiovascular disease (CVD), which can lead to heart attacks and strokes.
“Weekend warriors”, who did all their exercise on one or two days of the week, were found to lower their risk of dying from CVD by 41 per cent and cancer by 18 per cent, compared with the inactive.
Those who exercised regularly on three or more days per week reduced their risks by 41 per cent and 21 per cent.
Even the “insufficiently active” lowered their risk by a significant amount – 37 per cent and 14 per cent, the researchers said.
Reacting to the development, Study author and expert in physical activity and health, Dr. Gary O’Donovan, who is from Loughborough University, said the key was doing exercise that was “purposeful, and done with the intention of improving health.”

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Sedentary Lifestyles Make Women Age Faster - Experts

Women who lead a sedentary lifestyle have faster ageing cells than those who exercise every day. These are the findings of a study published in the ‘American Journal of Epidemiology’. According to the study, as people age, their cells age, causing DNA protectors to shorten and fray.
The researchers from California noted that health and lifestyle factors may speed up the process. A sedentary lifestyle is a type of lifestyle with no or irregular physical activity.
A person who lives a sedentary lifestyle may colloquially be known as a couch potato or in the Nigerian parlance 'ajebo'. It is commonly found in both the developed and developing world. Sedentary activities include sitting, reading, socialising, watching television, playing video games, mobile phone and computer use for much of the day with little or no vigorous physical exercise.
A sedentary lifestyle can contribute to many preventable causes of death. The ‘BBC’ reported that the research on 1,500 women aged 64 to 95 found those who spent many hours sitting and exercised for less than 40 minutes a day had cells that were biologically eight years older.
The researchers similarly suggested that even in old age, it was important to keep active and avoid sitting for more than 10 hours a day. “During ageing, tiny caps on the ends of DNA strands known as telomeres naturally shorten.
“These telomeres – which have been likened to the plastic tips of shoelaces – are there to prevent chromosomes from deteriorating.
Telomere length is one indicator of biological age, which does not always match chronological age. Shortened telomeres have been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and major cancers. How much regular exercise people do now also appears to be a factor in their length.
To track the women’s movements in the study, they wore an accelerometer on their right hip for seven days in a row, during the day and night.
They were also asked to complete questionnaires on their activity. Reacting to the development, lead study author, Dr. Aladdin Shadyab from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, said: “We found that women who sat for longer did not have shorter telomere length if they exercised for at least 30 minutes a day.
“Discussions about the benefits of exercise should start when we are young, and physical activity should continue to be part of our daily lives as we get older, even at 80 years old.” Medical experts advised older adults to break up long periods of sitting with light activity because “sedentary behaviour is now considered an independent risk factor for ill health.”
The study urged adults aged 65 or older who are generally fit and mobile should try to do at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity, such as cycling or walking, every week and strength exercises on two or more days a week that work all the major muscles (legs, hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders and arms).
Similarly, it said older adults at risk of falls, or with poor balance, should also do exercises to improve balance and co-ordination at least twice a week.

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New Drug Set To End Age Related Blindness

An experimental drug may one day make treatment simpler for patients suffering from vision-threatening age-related macula degeneration. These are contained in a report published in the journal ‘Science Translational Medicine’.

 The drug — called AXT107 — has been only tested on mice and rabbits, but it requires far fewer injections than current therapy to prevent vision loss.

Current treatment requires frequent injections directly into the eye, the report stated. Age-related mascular degeneration — also called macula degeneration, AMD or ARMD — is the deterioration of the mascula, which is the small central area of the retina of the eye that controls visual acuity. According to the United States, U.S. National Institutes of Health, NIH, age-related macular degeneration is a common eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss among people age 60 and older.

 The condition causes damage to the macula, a small spot near the centre of the retina and the part of the eye needed for sharp vision. In some people, age-related macular degeneration advances so slowly that vision loss doesn’t occur for a long time. In others, the disease progresses faster and may lead to a loss of vision in one or both eyes, according to the NIH.

 Mascular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss among ageing population and the number of people affected by AMD is expected to increase significantly in the years ahead. As age-related macular degeneration progresses, a blurred area near the centre of vision is a common symptom.

 Over time, the blurred area may grow larger and blank spots may develop in central vision. Objects also may not appear as bright as they used to. Age-related macular degeneration by itself doesn’t lead to complete blindness, the NIH says. The loss of central vision can, however, interfere with simple activities, such as the ability to see faces, drive, cook, read and write.

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Cannabis Can Be Used To Treat Multiple Sclerosis - Experts

Patients suffering multiple sclerosis (MS) may now turn to alternative therapy to address the condition. Going by findings of a new study, there is evidence that cannabis may be useful in the treatment of MS.
The American Association of Neurology, AAN, which disclosed this development, based it on the position of several studies, which claim that cannabis is effective for the treatment of pain and spasticity.
Although there are many anecdotal reports indicating cannabis’ beneficial effects for treatment of MS symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, anxiety and sleep deprivation, they have not been scientifically verified.
This is because clinical trials – where patients are given cannabis – are difficult to do because of how the substance is regulated in America.
Cannabis or marijuana has long been used for hemp fibre, hemp oils, medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug. Industrial hemp products are made from cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fiber.
MS is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems.
Specific symptoms can include double vision, blindness in one eye, muscle weakness, trouble with sensation, or trouble with coordination. Cannabis, which is now being used to help MS patients, contains over 100 compounds, but THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol) are believed to have the most medical relevance.
To satisfy the United Nations, UN, Narcotics Convention, some cannabis strains have been bred to produce minimal levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive constituent.
It was reported that reported that researchers at Integrative Neurophysiology Laboratory at Colorado State University are studying people with MS in the state who are already using medical cannabis as a treatment to investigate what MS symptoms the drug can effectively treat.
The long-term goal of the trial is to determine whether cannabis can safely and effectively treat MS symptoms. According to the report, the results which have not yet been published, found that 91 respondents (66 per cent) reported that they currently use cannabis, and 56 per cent of the cannabis users reported using either smoked or edible products.
Seventy-eight per cent of the cannabis users also indicated that they reduced or even stopped other medications as a result of their cannabis use.

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