Advanced HIV Prevention Drug Now Ready For Trial

After countless years of study, scientists announced yesterday that cure for HIV/AIDS has become a reality as trial for HIV prevention drug, Truvada, received approval in England.
NHS England, an executive non-departmental public body (NDPB) of the Department of Health, specifically confirmed that it would fund HIV prevention programme based around pre-exposure prophlyaxis (PrEP) with Gilead’s Truvada.
The announcement follows months of legal wrangling after NHS England axed plans for a national PreP programme, but was last month forced to reconsider after a court challenge from campaigners.
Truvada (emtricitabine+tenofovir) has been shown to have a protective effect, and can in some cases stop HIV becoming established in the body.
More than 10,000 people, most at risk of acquiring HIV will be offered a drug which prevents transmission of HIV after health officials lost a Court of Appeal battle over funding, a report said yesterday.
The report said: “After many years of studies and looking a cure, a drug has been discovered and will be given to the patients by NHS England.
“It is said to have been tried on over 10,000 people, most at risk of acquiring HIV. It will also serve as a way for them to figure out the duration in taking the drug, for them to get the right people and how popular it would be.”
Pre-exposure prophylaxis or PreP is a medicine that should be taken daily which helps in reducing HIV. Apart from saving money, it also helps to stop the infection from spreading in the body. It reduces the high risk of getting the disease from sex and can be lower with the use of condoms and methods for prevention.
The drugs – called PreP – have been described as a ‘game changer’ in the fight against AIDS but dubbed ‘promiscuity pills’ by critics, the report said.
Last month, the Court of Appeal upheld a High Court ruling which said NHS England did have the power to fund the drug despite its pleas that the responsibility lay with local authorities.
Now, the organisation has announced it will fund “a large scale clinical trial” for the drug, also known as pre-exposure prophylaxis, at a cost of up to £10 million.”
So far, studies suggest the anti-retroviral drug, also known as Truvada, can reduce the risk of infection by more than 90 percent.
Health officials said the large trial was needed to work out the best way to ensure take-up of the drug, examine the impact on HIV levels – and whether it increased rates of other sexually transmitted infections.
HIV/AIDS are first observed in the United States in the year 1981. The usual cases are from injection drug users, gay men with no known cause of impaired immunity, which shows symptoms of a rare opportunistic infection that occurs in a much compromised immune system.
Most of the people carrying the disease are not aware that they are infected with the virus. Sexual intercourse is the usual reason and the mode in transmitting HIV. It is present in the seminal fluid which is passed from male to female.
There are two types of HIV, HIV-1, and HIV-2. The first one is very infective that causes the majority of the infections globally. Studies show that HIV-2 is considered as the less infective one.

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Rape In IDPs Camps: Soldiers, Police Officerws, Air Force Officer, others arrested

As the quality of life continues to deteriorate amongst internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the north-east part of Nigeria, revelations coming up from the camps show that uniformed officers sent to protect them are actually the ones spare heading the orgy of sexual assaults against female IDPs. For allegedly raping Internally Displaced Persons, three soldiers, two policemen and a prison official have been arrested.

Arrested alongside the soldiers and policemen for the same offence were one prison official, a member of staff, Borno Ministry of Agriculture and two members of the Civilian Joint Task Force, Borno State.

The officials were accused of involving in sexual exploitation and abuse of IDPs in the North-East.

The Inspector-General of Police, Ibrahim Idris, disclosed this yesterday, in Abuja, adding that if indicted the policemen and other security operatives involved in the alleged crime would be dismissed and prosecuted after investigation.

A Non-Governmental Organisation, Human Rights Watch, had in its report accused camp officials, vigilance groups, soldiers and policemen of engaging in sexual harassment of women and teenagers in IDP camps in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states.

A few of the victims told Human Rights Watch that they were drugged and raped while 37 were coerced into sex through false marriage promises, material and financial assistance.

Shocked by the allegations, President Muhammadu Buhari directed the IG and the state governments to carry out a thorough investigation into the alleged incidents.

But responding to questions shortly before the commencement of his monthly conference with senior police officers in Abuja, the IG said the police would liaise with the Army and the Air Force to make their indicted officials available for interrogation.

He said, “From the findings so far, we have succeeded in our investigation. A number of suspects have been arrested and they include two policemen, three army officers, one prison official; one Air Force officer, an employee of the Borno State Ministry of Agriculture and two members of the Civilian JTF.”

Idris stated that the force had put in mechanisms, including the deployment of female police officers to IDP camps in order to check recurrence.

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Nigerian Customs Intercept Yam Porridge, Jollof-Rice And Egusi Soup Imported From India

Despite repeated warnings by health officials on the dangers posed by imported preserved ready-to-eat foods, Nigerian importers have continued to pay deaf ears to the warnings.The Tin-Can Island Command of the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) has intercepted a 20ft container of “READY TO EAT FOODS’’ like Egusi Soup, Jollof Rice, Ogbono, Yam Porridge imported from India. The Customs Area Controller, Comptroller Bashar Yusuf, disclosed this in a statement made available to newsmen on Monday in Lagos by the Public Relations Officer of the Command, Mr Uche Ejesieme. 

Yusuf spoke with stakeholders at the SDV/SCOA Terminal while handing over the container of imported prepared foods to officials of the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The controller described the scenario as an “aberration”, considering the fact that government granted zero duty for the importation of machinery for the packaging of agricultural products. 

“Why should indigenous menu be imported into the country at a time when investors are much sought after to boost local industries?’’ the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) quotes Yusuf as saying. The controller told the officers to see training and re-training as a veritable tools that would sharpen their knowledge toward achieving desired results. He appreciated the Comptroller-General of Customs, Retired Col. Hameed Ali, for effectively re-positioning the service in spite of global recession. 

Many People have continued to wonder why local delicacies like yam porridge, egusi and jollof-rice should be reported into the country. Some even went further to say that India does not grow yam or melon - so how did they manage to get the raw food materials used in making those delicacies? 

In answering that question, an exporter in Apapa who pleaded anonymity, told Nigeria Natural Health Online that it is the hand work of some dubious exporters in the country.

" They export the raw food stuff to Asian countries where they make them into ready-to-eat foods which are then imported back into the country to be sold at very exorbitant prices," he told our reporter.

These foods which are laced with preservatives, according to health officials, are not save for the body. Unfortunately, most elite who live in high bro areas in Nigerian cities, tend to patronize these imported foods, preferring them to the one cooked in local restaurants.

Preservatives are chemicals used to keep food fresh. Although there are a number of different types of food preservatives, antimicrobials, antioxidants, and products that slow the natural ripening process are some of the most common. Despite their important function, preservatives can pose a number of serious health risks.

Some of the health hazard associated with preservatives include: increased risk of cancer, hyperactivity in children and reduced heart health.

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Starvation In Nigerian IDPs: Buhari Battles Foreign Agencies

Against the backdrop of media report of hunger and starvation in IDPs camps in northern Nigeria, the Presidency has accused some aid agencies providing some humanitarian assistance to Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in the North East, of raising false alarm about mass starvation in the camps.
The Presidency said though it appreciates the increasing humanitarian assistance from the aid agencies which are  complementary to the efforts of the federal and state governments in the North East, a region it acknowledges is in the middle of a humanitarian crisis, it will not tolerate any hype meant only to attract funds rather than proffer solutions.
It described the reports as uncharitable and unnecessary attempts to portray the government as doing nothing even as hundreds of people of even a million are at the risk of dying.
President Muhammadu Buhari’s Senior Special Assistant on Media and Publicity, Mallam Garba Shehu, in a statement said the Presidency is particularly unhappy with one of the United Nations (UN)agencies which raised the alarm that 100,000 people will die of starvation in 2017.
“We are concerned about blatant attempts to whip up a non-existent fear of mass starvation by some aid agencies, a type of hype that does not provide solution to the situation on the ground but more to do with calculations for operations financing locally and abroad.
“There can be no doubt that the effect of the Boko Haram terrorism and their occupation of communities and destruction of houses, infrastructure and means of livelihood has been manifested in the decline of socio-economic activities throughout the North-East.
“Arising from this, farming, pastoralism, trade, exchange of goods and services and social interaction among the people have negatively been impacted leading to the displacement of more than two million people, mostly women and children.
“Consequently, there is death, there is hunger and there is poor nutrition.
“The displacement pattern, as revealed by the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) indicates that there are currently about two million people who are displaced.
“Only about 20 per cent of this is however in IDP camps.
This much reduced numbers are in Borno in 13 formal and 16 satellite camps; four of such camps currently operating in Adamawa and about the same number in Yobe.
“The larger number of the IDP population is living either in self-settled camps or with host communities" the statement said.
It will be recalled that a couple of weeks ago, Nigerian Natural Health Online authoritatively reported the UN's damning verdict in which it stated that the lives of children in the northern part of Nigeria are currently hanging in the balance as the organization, warned that  75,000 children risk dying in "a few months" as hunger grips the country's ravaged north-east in the wake of the Boko Haram insurgency.
Boko Haram jihadists have laid waste to the impoverished region since taking up arms against the government in 2009, displacing millions and disrupting farming and trade.
Nigeria's president, Muhammadu Buhari, has reclaimed territory from the Islamists but the insurgency has taken a brutal toll, with more than 20,000 people dead, 2.6 million displaced, and famine taking root.
UN humanitarian coordinator Peter Lundberg said the crisis was unfolding at "high speed".
"Our assessment is that 14 million people are identified as in need of humanitarian assistance" by 2017, Lundberg said in the Nigerian capital, Abuja.
Of these, 400,000 children are in critical need of assistance, while 75,000 could die "in the few months ahead of us", Lundberg said.

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One Pint Of Beer A Day Raises Risk Of Prostate Cancer

Drinking just one pint of beer every day raises the risk of contracting prostate cancer by 23 per cent, a study has found.

It means that when it comes to cancer, there is no safe threshold for drinking, researchers warned.

Only binge-drinking was thought to raise the risk of contracting the disease – the most common cancer for men.

But this misconception was based on flawed studies that gave men a false sense of security, the new analysis shows.

Research by the Centre for Addictions Research of BC at the University of Victoria in Canada and Australia's National Drug Research Institute at Curtin University analysed 26 previous scientific studies that linked the consumption of alcohol to prostate cancer.

They found that men who drank two to three units each day – equivalent to one pint of 5 per cent strength beer or two 175ml glasses of wine – raised their risk of prostate cancer by 23 per cent compared to people who had never drunk alcohol.

But even as little as half a pint a week increased the likelihood of contracting the cancer, which is a huge health problem for the NHS.

Some 47,000 British men are diagnosed with the disease each year, and 11,000 die.

The research is likely to alarm men who considered themselves moderate drinkers and therefore not in danger.

Lead researcher Tim Stockwell said: 'For cancer risk, the causal processes appear to be operating whenever we drink, and to a degree directly relate to how much we consume and with no safe threshold.' The risk was underestimated for years because many previous studies put former drinkers in the same category as teetotallers.

This created a false impression, because many former drinkers stop or cut down boozing as they age and their health declines.

As a result, the reference group of non-drinkers was unhealthier than it would have been if it only included teetotallers. So when compared with the drinkers' group, the risk from consuming alcohol appeared to be lower than it actually was.

The authors said misclassifying former drinkers as so-called abstainers 'disguised a significant association between alcohol exposure and risk of prostate cancer'. 

The way in which alcohol triggers the growth of tumours in the prostate is not fully understood. Alcoholic drinks contain carcinogens including acetaldehyde – nicknamed 'the hangover chemical' – which is formed when alcohol is broken down in the liver, and can damage cell DNA.

Dr Stockwell added: 'This study contributes to the strengthening evidence that alcohol is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Consumption will need to be factored in to future estimates of the global burden of disease.'

Co-author Dr Tanya Chikritzhs said the study – published in the journal BMC Cancer – meant previous research showing alcohol had a protective effect on health should be 'treated with caution'.

But Dr Jasmine Just, from Cancer Research UK, said: 'Alcohol has been linked to several types of cancer, including breast and bowel cancer – but it's not as clear whether alcohol increases the risk of prostate cancer.

'This study suggests there's a link between alcohol and prostate cancer, and takes into account factors that might have made this link less obvious in previous research.

'But it's too early to say for sure whether alcohol increases the risk of prostate cancer.'

However, she added: 'Alcohol causes thousands of cancers each year, so cutting down how much you drink is a good way to reduce cancer risk.'  

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Nigerian HIV/AIDS Patients Lament High Treatment Fees

These are hard times for people living with HIV/AIDS in the country.
Besides the high user fees that they are allegedly charged, the patients are lamenting the rising cases of treatment failure. Nigeria may soon witness a higher rate of deaths from the ailment if nothing is done urgently to address the situation.
Ahead of the World AIDS Day today, it was gathered that many hospitals are still charging many of the people living with HIV in Nigeria fees, sometimes as high as N7000 for monitoring tests. Chemistry and Haematology (essential laboratory) tests for PLHIV which were hitherto free in the country are now being paid for.
It was reported earlier this year reported that the United States government that had largely supported the HIV/AIDS scheme in the areas of chemistry tests and antiretroviral drugs (ARV) for the affected people through the President’s Emergency Programme for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) had officially withdrawn a substantial amount of the support.
The 2015 target for HIV treatment coverage for adults and children was not achieved while the quality of HIV services provided has also remained worrisome. “Also, we do not measure the management of HIV co-infections. Yet we are aware that in Nigeria, co-infection of HIV with tuberculosis, hepatitis and cancers are very high,” a stakeholder said.
To address the situation, stakeholders urged the Federal Ministry of Health to institute a mechanism to ensure all hospitals providing HIV treatment services, no matter the status, adhere to prescribed standards of practice.
They also want the government to remove the barriers to accessing HIV treatment.
The Executive Secretary of the Civil Society for HIV and AIDS in Nigeria (CiSHAN), Walter Ugwuocha said:
“As the HIV treatment programme matures, it is important that we equally look for ways to ensure the cost of programme implementation drops. One of these ways is shifting to the use of cheaper and less toxic first-line drugs. It is also important we consider generic drug production. We must recognise the value in the use of self-test kits as a tool that can help reduce the barriers to individuals determining their HIV status,” he said.
Ugwuocha also wants the national HIV treatment programme to be weaned off donor support. “The HIV treatment programme in Nigeria is heavily dependent on the support of international partners. We demand that the national government’s investment in the HIV treatment programme should increase by at least 100% by the end of 2018. One such approach is the institution of the AIDS trust fund,” he told the media.
The Resident Coordinator of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/ AIDS (UNAIDS), Dr. Bilali Camara urged the inclusion of HIV/ AIDS testing and treatment in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).

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