Panic As Monkey Pox Enters Lagos, Ogun, Ekiti

Yesterday, Nigeria Natural Health Online www.kimekwu.blogspot.com reported that Lagos had been placed on high alert in view of the outbreak of monkey pox disease in some parts of Nigeria. We can now authoritatively confirmed to you that the disease has not only entered Lagos, but has also found its way into neighboring  states like Ogun and Ekiti.

The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) yesterday declared that 31 suspected cases of monkey pox have so far been reported in seven states across the country. Dr. Chikwe Ihekweazu, the National Coordinator/Chief Executive Officer of NCDC, made this known in Abuja.

According to Ihekweazu, following the notification of a suspected monkey pox outbreak on September 22 in Bayelsa, other suspected cases have been reported from six more states. He listed the affected states as Bayelsa, Rivers, Ekiti, Akwa Ibom, Lagos, Ogun and Cross Rivers. Ihekweazu said that samples had been collected from each suspected case for laboratory confirmation.

“Results are still being awaited. So far, there have been no deaths recorded. It is unlikely that many of the suspected cases are actually monkey pox, but all are being investigated. All the suspected cases are currently receiving appropriate medical care, and the patients are all improving clinically in their various states,” he said.

 Ihekweazu said that the Federal Ministry of Health, through the NCDC, was supporting the affected states to ensure the outbreak is brought under control and to limit further spread. “NCDC has activated an Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) to coordinate the outbreak investigation and response across the affected states.
The EOC is currently supporting State Ministries of Health in their response to the outbreak through active case finding, epidemiological investigation and contact tracing. Measures have been put in place to ensure effective sample collection and testing for laboratory confirmation. Risk communication activities have been heightened to advise the public on preventive measures. All 36 States and the FCT have been notified for preparedness,” the NCDC national coordinator said.

 In Lagos, there was discovery of two suspected cases in private hospitals in the state.
The Commissioner for Health, Dr. Jide Idris, who disclosed this yesterday while addressing journalists at the state Secretariat, Alausa, Ikeja, urged residents to intensify their personal hygiene to prevent the spread of the disease.

 This came as the Cross River State Commissioner for Health, Inyang Asibong, said the suspected victim of monkeypox in the state was in stable condition. Idris said that one of the victims ate bush meat and just returned from Bayelsa State before he was taken to the hospital.

The commissioner disclosed that out of the 31 suspected cases in the country, two were recorded in Lagos and currently being investigated.
He said:

 “Though no confirmed case has been recorded, there is need to sensitise members of the public and provide adequate information on measures for prevention and control of the disease in line with policy of the state government.

Monkeypox is a rare viral zoonotic disease from (animal to man) caused by monkeypox virus which occurs primarily in Central and West Africa close to tropical rain forest where there is frequent contact with infected animals.
The symptom in human is similar to those seen in the past in smallpox patients although less severe.”

Idris added that disease surveillance team had been activated in schools and other public places in all the 57 Local Government Areas and the Local Council Development Areas (LCDAs).

 The commissioner said that the victims were under close monitoring. He added:

“Monkeypox should be suspected in any person with rash, fever, chills, sweat, headache, backache, lymphadenopathy, sore-throat, cough and shortness of breath. Residents are urged to take adequate measures in order to reduce the risk of contracting the disease.

“Health workers should have high index suspicion of any person with the above symptoms in order to improve case detection. I need to state that though there is no specific vaccine for the disease; vaccination against small pox has been proven to be 85% effective in preventing Monkey Pox.

There is also no specific anti-viral therapy for monkey pox, however the disease is self limiting and could be managed conservatively.” Idris, however, advised residents to be vigilant and report any suspected case of the disease to the nearest public health facility or the Directorate of Diseases Control in the state Ministry of Health.

 Meanwhile, Asibong said victims would not be released until samples sent to Abuja for confirmation of the tests had been received.

 The commissioner refused to disclose the name of the victim. He said: “I cannot give you his name but he is in a stable condition and we have taken every measure to ensure that we contain any outbreak. Remember that this is only a suspected case and not that anything has been confirmed. But we have mobilised to ensure that we contain any outbreak.”

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Multivitamins In Pregnancy Reduces Risk Of Autism

Taking multivitamins in early pregnancy may reduce the risk of children developing autism, research suggests.
Experts found that children whose mothers had taken the vitamins were around half as likely to develop autism as those whose mothers took none.

But the team cautioned that although they had found a possible association, more research was needed.
Writing in the British Medical Journal, experts from universities and hospitals in Philadelphia, Stockholm and Bristol examined data for 273,107 mothers and their children living in Stockholm.

All the children were aged four to 15 by December 31, 2011 and were born between 1996 and 2007.
The women's use of folic acid, iron and multivitamin supplements had been recorded at their first antenatal visit.
Cases of autism spectrum disorder were also identified in national registers.
After adjusting for factors that might influence the findings, experts found that women who took multivitamins, with or without additional iron and/or folic acid, had a lower chance of their child developing autism with intellectual disability compared with mothers who took none.

When iron and folic acid were looked at alone, there was no consistent evidence that their use was associated with a reduced risk of autism.
Guidelines say a healthy diet should give women most of the vitamins and minerals they need in pregnancy.

But women should also take 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and 10mcg of vitamin D a day, experts say.
More than one in 100 people are on the autism spectrum. There are many different characteristics that make up autism, but people may be under or oversensitive to sounds, touch, tastes, smells, light and colours.
They may also find social situations challenging and experience "meltdowns" when anxious.

In Nigeria, autism in children are recorded more in cities than in rural communities. This is mainly due to the fact that why the enlightened  parents of such children in cities have no qualms about bringing them out to health authorities, those in villages hide their children in fear of public ridicule. in most villages, autism is often associated with daibolism.

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Fear As Monkey Pox Spreads To Uyo, Port Harcourt...Lagos On High Alert

Uyo residents of Akwa Ibom State were, weekend, gripped with apprehension after the state government announced the outbreak of the dreaded Monkey Pox disease in the state, making it the third state in the Niger Delta region, following earlier reports of outbreak in Bayelsa and Rivers states. Nigeria Natural Health Online www.kimekwu.blogspot.com has also reliably laernt that the authorities of Lagos State government has placed residents of the state on high alert in order to prevent the disease from coming into the city.

This came as the Federal Government described as fake and sinister the report that the outbreak of Monkey Pox in some parts of the country resulted from the alleged free medical care by the government in the affected areas.

In a statement issued in Abuja yesterday, the Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, said Nigerians should disregard the report which, apparently, was being spread by some unscrupulous persons to fit into a sinister agenda.
He said: “The Federal Government has not conducted any free medical service or care in either Bayelsa or Rivers state, as alleged in the fake report being circulated. So that could not have been the cause of the outbreak of Monkey Pox in both states.
“Monkey Pox is a virus found only in monkeys and it is rare in human beings. It belongs to the same family as Chicken Pox and Smallpox. It is suspected that someone may have contacted it by eating monkey meat, thus triggering the current outbreak.”
He assured that no effort will be spared in curtailing the spread of the disease.

Akwa Ibom Commissioner
Meanwhile in Uyo, Commissioner for Health, Dr. Dominic Ukpong, while disclosing the outbreak during an interview with newsmen in Uyo, said one case has already been confirmed and that the victim had been isolated.
According to him, two other suspected cases were being monitored by medical personnel, explaining that “the viral ailment is borne by wild animals, especially Monkeys, and can be contacted through bodily contact with infected persons.
Dr. Ukpong, while warning residents of Uyo to eschew bush meats, also advised the people to take precautionary measures by imbibing personal hygiene such as hand-washing, avoiding indiscriminate handshake and physical contacts.
A resident and medical personnel in the metropolis, who craved anonymity, expressed worry over the outbreak of the disease, saying that government should wake up to arrest the situation by ensuring urgent intervention in all aspects of healthcare delivery.
She said if urgent measures are taken, the outbreak can be controlled.

Information Commissioner
Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Mr. Charles Udoh, has also corroborated his Health counterpart by warning the residents to avoid crowded places, as relevant agencies have been alerted to put adequate medical measures in place to deal with emergencies.
He said: “We have recorded one confirmed case of Monkey Pox, while two other cases are still under investigation. The good news is that all these cases have been quarantined.
“Again, the blood samples of quarantined suspected cases have been sent for confirmation. Confirmation requires the highest level of laboratory sample test which is not available in the state.
“However, there is no cause for panic because the era of hand sanitisers are here and there is nothing for anybody to panic. People should wash their hands regularly, maintain the highest sanitary condition as well as avoid eating bush meats.”

Emergency lines
Meanwhile, to arrest the spread of the viral Monkey Pox disease, Bayelsa State Government has intensified efforts at public enlightenment and civic engagement.
Therefore, the government called on residents of the state to report all suspected cases of the disease by using the following hotlines, 08066987752 and 08035474676 to get the attention of its rapid response team.
The State Commissioner for Information and Orientation, Daniel Iworiso-Markson, in a statement yesterday, said the swift sensitisation campaign embarked upon by his ministry on radio with translations in all the local dialects in the state will be sustained.
According to him, the ministry had commenced sensitisation campaign and advocacy visits to communities in the state on the need to reassure the people of government’s intervention and activities in curbing further spread of the disease.

Victims’ recovery
While giving an update of the situation, he disclosed that the government had stopped further spread of the disease, noting that out of the number of those affected and quarantined at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, NDUTH, Okolobiri, many were already showing signs of recovery.
Iworiso-Markson explained that two of the index cases and the doctor affected by the disease had fully recovered and discharged, expressing happiness that so far no death had been recorded.
According to him, “to further allay the fears and reassure Bayelsans of governments’ effort in curbing the disease, let me make it clear that we are on top of the situation. However, it is important for people to take note of the fact that prevention is better than cure.
“Hence, they are required to always wash their hands, avoid monkeys, bush meat and dead animals as well as be on the lookout for symptoms, which often manifests as various stages of rash and an intense weakness of the body, severe pains, among other things.”

Resident abandon bush meat
Meanwhile, the fear of the disease has forced many residents to shun bush meat consumption.
Though the government has said it has contained the spread of the disease, bush meat vendors said people have stopped patronising them since the outbreak of Monkey Pox.
Akpan Jones, a bush meat seller along the Onuebum-Otuokpoti Road in Ogbia Local Government Area of the state, lamented that sales have been poor in the last couple of days.
His words: “I was happy when I heard on radio that the disease has been contained, but people have continued to avoid buying bush meat. I believe they are afraid because of the government warning that monkeys and other bush meat consumption should be avoided for now.
“Pictures of persons said to be infected with Monkey Pox disease being circulated on internet are also discouraging them.
“I don’t know how long I have to wait until the problem is over. I have to return to my old palm tapping business to cater for my family.”

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New Study Links Breast Cancer To Bacterial Imbalances

In a newly published study, Cleveland Clinic researchers have uncovered differences in the bacterial composition of breast tissue of healthy women versus women with breast cancer. The research team discovered for the first time that healthy breast tissue contains more of the bacterial species Methylobacterium, a finding which could offer a new perspective in the battle against breast cancer.
Bacteria that live in the body, known as the microbiome, influence many diseases.

Most research has been done on the “gut” microbiome, or bacteria in the digestive tract. Researchers have long suspected that a “microbiome” exists within breast tissue and plays a role in breast cancer but it has not yet been characterized. The research team has taken the first step toward understanding the composition of the bacteria in breast cancer by uncovering distinct microbial differences in healthy and cancerous breast tissue.

“To my knowledge, this is the first study to examine both breast tissue and distant sites of the body for bacterial differences in breast cancer,” said co-senior author Charis Eng, chair of Cleveland Clinic’s Genomic Medicine Institute and director of the Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare.

“Our hope is to find a biomarker that would help us diagnose breast cancer quickly and easily. In our wildest dreams, we hope we can use microbiomics right before breast cancer forms and then prevent cancer with probiotics or antibiotics.” Published online in Oncotarget, the study examined the tissues of 78 patients who underwent mastectomy for invasive carcinoma or elective cosmetic breast surgery.

In addition, they examined oral rinse and urine to determine the bacterial composition of these distant sites in the body. In addition to the Methylobacterium finding, the team discovered that cancer patients’ urine samples had increased levels of gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus and Actinomyces. Further studies are needed to determine the role these organisms may play in breast cancer.

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New Sugar Monitor Without Finger Pricks Expected In Nigeria Soon

Those who go through the painful ordeal of having there fingers pricked in the process of getting their blood sugar monitored, now have a cause to heave a sigh of relief as the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first continuous blood sugar monitor that doesn’t need backup finger prick tests. The U.S. regulatory body approved the use of the new device, Abbott’s new FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring System on Wednesday.

It is expected that the new device may come into Nigeria anytime from now; health operators in the country are already making moves to that end.

The new procedure will be a relief for millions of people living with diabetes worldwide as current models require users to test a drop of blood twice daily to calibrate, or adjust the monitor.
The discomfort of finger sticks and the cost of testing supplies can discourage people from keeping close tabs on their blood sugar.

Many poor patients often run out of test kits and move on without conducting the routine blood sugar test with severe consequences. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

 Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications and death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.

Worldwide, about 450 million people are living with the disease. In Nigeria, it is estimated that about 10 per cent of the nation’s population are living with diabetes but the major challenge in this country is that many that are afflicted with the medical condition are not aware that they have it.

Hence, medical experts have been advocating regular blood sugar testing to detect the condition early so as to place affected persons on medications.
The new device uses a small sensor attached to the upper arm. Patients wave a reader device over it to see the current blood sugar level and changes over the past eight hours, reported the ‘Press Herald.’ Abbott isn’t disclosing the price for the reader or the sensors, which should be available in pharmacies within months.

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Nigerian Cows Worst Milk Producers In The World - Minister

The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, Chief Audu Ogbeh, has said cows raised in Nigeria are the worst milk producers in the world.

He said an average cow in the country produces less that one litre of milk per day compared to those from other countries where a cow could produce 100 litres per day.

Ogbeh said this at the 79th anniversary of Ikoyi Club 1938 in Lagos on Thursday

 According to the minister, an average cow in Holland produces a minimum of 50 litres of milk per day, while in the United States, milk production per cow can rise to over 100 litres.

He said moving cows from place to place was a major problem affecting meat and milk production in Nigeria, stressing that the earlier farmers started developing ranches for cows, the better it would be for the cow market and its entire value chain.

“An average cow in the US drinks an average of 100 litres of water per day; but in Nigeria, I doubt whether a cow can get two litres of water per week,” Ogbeh added.

The minister also stated that the country accounted for 67 per cent of the world’s yam production, adding that there were more opportunities for Nigeria to grow its share of the market, valued at $12bn, given the over 50 million hectares of land lying fallow in the country.

To give the agricultural sector a major boost, he said the Bank of Agriculture would soon be restructured so that every local government in the country would have at least a two-room branch.

  Nigeria Natural Health Online's investigations found out that low milk production in cows could be as a result of several factors. In most years, cooler fall temperatures result in dairy cows increasing in milk production with cows getting bred back quicker than the warmer months.  Most of these responses are a result of some herds freshening more cows in the fall, improvements in cow comfort, more time available to maintain facilities, (where there is ranching) nutrition and reproductive programs, and feeding programs re-formulated to reflect fall/harmatan/dry season stored feeds.  Some years, dairy cows may not respond as well as previous years with production being lower than expected.  Many different explanations exist for dairy cows, especially early lactation cows, not milking as well.  Combinations of factors often contribute to the overall situation of lower milk production and /or reproductive issues.

• Increased average days in milk:  As dairy cows enter mid to later lactation, milk production naturally trails off with milk production peaking during early lactation.  As the percentage of cows in mid to later lactation increases (increasing days in milk), milk production will be expected to be lower.  This contributing factor to lower milk production might seem very obvious, but can provide a possible explanation or partial explanation which can easily be overlooked.
• Longer term effects of heat stress:  With the average day time temperatures in the 90’s this past July and August for long periods of time and with hot nights, dairy cows were definitely under heat stress.  Although fan, sprinklers, and other ways to accomplish heat abatement are important and need to be used to decrease the effects of heat stress, the heat and humidity still had a detrimental effect on feed intake and fertility.  Often times, these detrimental effects on fertility and milk production are seen for 6 to 8 weeks after heat and humidity subside.   
• Lower body condition of early lactation cows:  In early lactation, dairy cows cannot consume adequate amounts of energy to meet the energy needs for milk production and maintenance of the cow herself.   As a result, early lactation cows are said to be in negative energy balance and rely on body stores of fat or adipose tissue to support the additional amounts of energy needed to support milk production they cannot consume.  If these stores are not present or are mobilized too quickly, cows often times will produce the amount of milk equal to the amount of energy they can consume.  In other words, they will not milk as well as they could have or peak as high in milk production.  Thin early lactation cows often are related to cows calving thinner than normal or metabolic disorders related to the transition back into the milking herd that result in cows going off feed and dropping in body condition quickly. 
• More cows in the milk herd:  Often-times cows are added to the milking string to improve cash flow without making accommodations for increased bunk space (hay, silage, and/or TMR) and/or resting space.  Overcrowding at the feed bunk can decrease feed intake especially in fresh and early lactating cows resulting in lower milk production.  Sometimes overcrowding with other contributing causes can result in lowered milk production even when it appears that no feeding and management practices have changed.
• Thinner cows at calving:  Dairy cows are the most efficient and cost effective at putting on body condition or fat stores when they are milking versus when they are dry.  Thus, our management programs are geared toward putting condition on cows in mid to later lactation, having them in the proper condition at dry off, and maintaining that condition during the dry period.  Summer temperatures can decrease or stop the growth of pasture grasses and legumes, thus decreasing forage availability and sometimes dry cows lose weight or body condition if alternative forages are not provided.  In addition, with higher grain costs, dry cows may not have been provided adequate amounts of grain to maintain body condition if forage quality was low.  Dry cows that calve too thin will not have the energy reserves to milk well this next lactation, especially during early lactation.
• Rebalanced rations to reflect quality of forages currently being fed:  The quality and thus nutrient content of forages change between crop year, cuttings, and type of forage.  In addition, yearly differences exist in the digestibility of forages by the rumen bacteria.  These changes in NDF digestibility can greatly affect the amount of energy cows and, more importantly, bacteria receive from the forages and other feeds consumed.  A current forage analysis should be used to balance rations numerous times each year.  Monthly ration balancing or review of rations being fed is recommended for the most economical and efficient use of forage resources.   With the wide swings in commodity prices, this reevaluation becomes even more critical.  
• Limited grain in corn silage:  With this summer’s drought and high temperatures during corn pollination, corn silage may contain limited amounts of grain and the amount of corn silage available to be fed may be limiting.  These changes in the quality and quantity of corn silage potentially decrease the amount of energy coming from these forages.  To try and compensate for the decreases seen in grain content, more energy needs to be added to these rations in the form of ground corn grain or other byproducts, increasing the cost to feed the milking herd.   At the same time, these alterations may alter the digestibility of starch and fiber fractions of the diet and the bacteria may not have the identical types and digestibility of energy sources compared to diets containing higher grain, corn silage diets.  Bottom line, when the bacteria do not get adequate amounts of energy at specific times, they produce less end products cows can use to make milk and, as a result, milk production may be reduced.  Sometimes, these diets need to be tweaked over time to get the best combination.  Working with your nutritionist and fine tuning these diets over time is the best way to achieve the desired results.  Blending last year’s corn silage with this year’s has helped cows adjust to the differences and bridge the gaps.  This may offer one explanation of why some herds have been able to hold milk production similar to previous years. 
• Changes in forages being fed:  With reduced corn silage yields and multiple dry years, some dairy farmers have opted to include silage made from forage sorghum into diets for the milking herd.  Granted these varieties most likely have higher digestibility than older varieties of forage sorghum, but they still contain less energy than higher-yielding, energy dense corn silage.  Can they work well in rations for milking cows?  Yes, but your nutritionist needs to make sure the bacteria have the nutrients they need (carbohydrates and nitrogen or amino acid source) at the correct time.  Thus, old recipes for grain mixes may not always work and they may or may not support 70-80 lb herd averages. 
• Problems when transitioning cows back into the milking herd:  A smooth transition of cows back into the milking herd is critical to getting dairy cows to milk well in early lactation and rebred.  Often-times, minimizing stress, caused by limited feed bunk space (recommend 36 inches per cow), cow comfort (provide effective heat abatement) and resting space, 3 weeks before calving through 3 weeks after calving, is the starting point.  Diets need to contain adequate amounts of effective fiber or chew factor for proper rumen fill, minerals and vitamins to prevent subclinical (no visible signs but blood calcium is low) milk fever, and adequate but not excess amounts of energy and protein. Subclinical problems are often not detected and can cause issues in fresh cows that result in decreased feed intake before or after calving, rapid losses in body condition, and decreased milk production and reproductive performance.
• Other disease issues:  Clinical cases of diseases, such as mastitis or metritis, can decrease milk production and reproductive efficiency.  In addition, mycotoxins in feeds (forages as well as grains) also can decrease feed intake in herds and may affect performance.  However, before dairy farmers blame mycotoxins for decreases seen in milk production and/or reproductive performance, other aspects of their feeding and management program should be examined and eliminated as potential causes first.
• In Nigeria, where ranching facility is not readily available to the vast majority of the cow owners, animal health expert say the country is still far behind in global cow milk production as most of the herdsmen who manage the cows in the country do not possess the professional knowledge needed to mentain a healthy dairy production.

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