Experts found that children whose mothers had taken the vitamins were around half as likely to develop autism as those whose mothers took none.
But the team cautioned that although they had found a possible association, more research was needed.
Writing in the British Medical Journal, experts from universities and hospitals in Philadelphia, Stockholm and Bristol examined data for 273,107 mothers and their children living in Stockholm.
All the children were aged four to 15 by December 31, 2011 and were born between 1996 and 2007.
The women's use of folic acid, iron and multivitamin supplements had been recorded at their first antenatal visit.
Cases of autism spectrum disorder were also identified in national registers.
After adjusting for factors that might influence the findings, experts found that women who took multivitamins, with or without additional iron and/or folic acid, had a lower chance of their child developing autism with intellectual disability compared with mothers who took none.
When iron and folic acid were looked at alone, there was no consistent evidence that their use was associated with a reduced risk of autism.
Guidelines say a healthy diet should give women most of the vitamins and minerals they need in pregnancy.
But women should also take 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and 10mcg of vitamin D a day, experts say.
More than one in 100 people are on the autism spectrum. There are many different characteristics that make up autism, but people may be under or oversensitive to sounds, touch, tastes, smells, light and colours.
They may also find social situations challenging and experience "meltdowns" when anxious.
In Nigeria, autism in children are recorded more in cities than in rural communities. This is mainly due to the fact that why the enlightened parents of such children in cities have no qualms about bringing them out to health authorities, those in villages hide their children in fear of public ridicule. in most villages, autism is often associated with daibolism.
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