Modified Pig Organs May Correct Birth Defects In Infants - Experts

A team of doctors in Britain have perfected the use of modified pig organs to treat newborn babies with birth defects. Babies born missing a section of their oesophagus, the tube linking the mouth to the stomach, are to receive the transplants harvested from pigs and then modified using the child’s stem cells.

‘The Australian’ reported that the landmark lifesaving treatment would be used next year at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London on about 10 children born with severe cases of oesophageal atresia (EA). Similarly, the research team also plans to develop the treatment for adults suffering oesophageal cancer, a far more common and often fatal condition. Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital defect, meaning that it occurs before birth.

There are several types. In most cases, the upper oesophagus ends and does not connect with the lower oesophagus and stomach.

Most infants with EA have another defect called tracheoesophageal fistula. Oesophageal atresia can be diagnosed in the foetus at about 20 weeks.
The first children for next year’s trial could be identified in coming months. Oesophagi of varying sizes have been taken from pigs at a British farm in readiness.

These “animal scaffolds” will be modified to remove all their cells. They will then be re-engineered using the child’s stem cells, making them suitable for transplant and avoiding rejection by the patient’s body.


The stem cells will be taken the moment after birth from the babies’ muscle and residual oesophagus. The tissue engineering takes about eight weeks and doctors hope to implant the modified oesophagi at about two to three months after the child is born.

Although 90 per cent of oesophageal atresia cases are treatable via a relatively simple procedure to close the gap, in severe cases the only option is for doctors to surgically move the child’s stomach into the chest cavity.
This can create complications throughout the patient’s life and place them at a greater risk of oesophageal cancer, according to Paolo De Coppi, a consultant pediatric surgeon at Great Ormond Street who is behind the new treatment. Professor De Coppi previously pioneered a similarly groundbreaking transplant in 2010 in which a 13-year-old boy was given a new trachea that was created from a deceased human donor using the teenager’s stem cells.

“This is completely new. Pigs have been used for heart valve replacement for many years, but nobody has received an organ developed from an ‘animal scaffold’ this way,” he said.

Professor De Coppi is also developing a treatment to help children born with shortened bowels, which will again use pig organs and stem cells, either harvested from the bowel or even the child’s skin, to build a new intestine for transplants. He hopes to introduce this in 2020.

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Noncommunicable Diseases Kill Over 40 Million People Each Year - WHO

The following is the recent report of the World Health Organizations (WHO) submission on the fatality of noncommunicable diseases. According to the body, NCD's Kill Over 40 Million people each year.

Overview

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviours factors.
The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.
NCDs disproportionately affect people in low- and middle-income countries where more than three quarters of global NCD deaths – 31 million – occur.

Who is at risk of such diseases?

People of all age groups, regions and countries are affected by NCDs. These conditions are often associated with older age groups, but evidence shows that 17 million of all deaths attributed to NCDs occur before the age of 70. Of these "premature" deaths, 87% are estimated to occur in low- and middle-income countries. Children, adults and the elderly are all vulnerable to the risk factors contributing to NCDs, whether from unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke or the harmful use of alcohol.
These diseases are driven by forces that include rapid unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and population ageing. Unhealthy diets and a lack of physical activity may show up in people as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids and obesity. These are called metabolic risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease, the leading NCD in terms of premature deaths.

Risk factors

Modifiable behavioural risk factors

Modifiable behaviours, such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the harmful use of alcohol, all increase the risk of NCDs.

• Tobacco accounts for 7.2 million deaths every year (including from the effects of exposure to second-hand smoke), and is projected to increase markedly over the coming years. (1)
• 4.1 million annual deaths have been attributed to excess salt/sodium intake. (1)
• More than half of the 3.3 million annual deaths attributable to alcohol use are from NCDs, including cancer. (2)
• 1.6 million deaths annually can be attributed to insufficient physical activity. (1)

Metabolic risk factors

Metabolic risk factors contribute to four key metabolic changes that increase the risk of NCDs:

• raised blood pressure
• overweight/obesity
• hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) and
• hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood).

In terms of attributable deaths, the leading metabolic risk factor globally is elevated blood pressure (to which 19% of global deaths are attributed), (1) followed by overweight and obesity and raised blood glucose.

What are the socioeconomic impacts of NCDs?

NCDs threaten progress towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes a target of reducing premature deaths from NCDs by one-third by 2030.
Poverty is closely linked with NCDs. The rapid rise in NCDs is predicted to impede poverty reduction initiatives in low-income countries, particularly by increasing household costs associated with health care. Vulnerable and socially disadvantaged people get sicker and die sooner than people of higher social positions, especially because they are at greater risk of being exposed to harmful products, such as tobacco, or unhealthy dietary practices, and have limited access to health services.
In low-resource settings, health-care costs for NCDs quickly drain household resources. The exorbitant costs of NCDs, including often lengthy and expensive treatment and loss of breadwinners, force millions of people into poverty annually and stifle development.

Prevention and control of NCDs

An important way to control NCDs is to focus on reducing the risk factors associated with these diseases. Low-cost solutions exist for governments and other stakeholders to reduce the common modifiable risk factors. Monitoring progress and trends of NCDs and their risk is important for guiding policy and priorities.
To lessen the impact of NCDs on individuals and society, a comprehensive approach is needed requiring all sectors, including health, finance, transport, education, agriculture, planning and others, to collaborate to reduce the risks associated with NCDs, and promote interventions to prevent and control them.
Investing in better management of NCDs is critical. Management of NCDs includes detecting, screening and treating these diseases, and providing access to palliative care for people in need. High impact essential NCD interventions can be delivered through a primary health care approach to strengthen early detection and timely treatment. Evidence shows such interventions are excellent economic investments because, if provided early to patients, they can reduce the need for more expensive treatment.
Countries with inadequate health insurance coverage are unlikely to provide universal access to essential NCD interventions. NCD management interventions are essential for achieving the global target of a 25% relative reduction in the risk of premature mortality from NCDs by 2025, and the SDG target of a one-third reduction in premature deaths from NCDs by 2030.

WHO response

WHO's leadership and coordination role

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes NCDs as a major challenge for sustainable development. As part of the Agenda, Heads of State and Government committed to develop ambitious national responses, by 2030, to reduce by one-third premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment (SDG target 3.4). This target comes from the High-level Meetings of the UN General Assembly on NCDs in 2011 and 2014, which reaffirmed WHO’s leadership and coordination role in promoting and monitoring global action against NCDs. The UN General Assembly will convene a third High-level Meeting on NCDs in 2018 to review progress and forge consensus on the road ahead covering the period 2018-2030.
To support countries in their national efforts, WHO developed a Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013-2020, which includes nine global targets that have the greatest impact on global NCD mortality. These targets address prevention and management of NCDs.

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Zamfara State Officials In Trouble Over Missing Meningitis Vaccines

Two officials of Bungudu local council in Zamfara have been ordered to produce the missing Meningitis vaccines allocated to the area or be sanctioned.

The affected officials are the local council’s director of Health, Rabiu Dansadau and the Councillor of Health, Sanusi Umar.

The Chairman of the State Sub-Committee for the Procurement, Management and Distribution of Meningitis drugs and vaccines, Alhaji Aliyu Kagara said on Monday in Bungudu that the committee had discovered massive diversion of the vaccines meant for the area.

He said that a total of 400 I.V injections meningitis vaccines was allocated to the area, but only 30 of the vaccines were accounted for.

“When the committee visited the local government it discovered that 30 persons were treated and there was no trace of the remaining 370 vaccines.

“The two officials must return the drugs and offer convincing explanation of what happened,” Kagara said.
The chairman said that, so far, the affected officials have failed to give satisfactory explanation as to the whereabout of the remaining drugs.

The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that patients had a week ago told Gov. Abdulaziz Yari when he visited some meningitis isolation centres that they used their money to buy the drugs which was supposed to be free.

NAN learnt that patients pay up N1,000 per vaccine, to get treated.

The governor has already set up a committee under the Secretary to the State Government, Prof Abdullahi Shinkafi to investigate the matter, while the State House of Assembly has also set up its own investigation committee.

A total of 346 people have died of meningitis and 3,145 infected since the reported outbreak of the disease in Zamfara.

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Ekiti State Increases Maternity Leave For Women In Civil Service

The Ekiti State Government (Nigeria) on Monday announced an increase in the maternity leave period for women in its public service from 12 weeks to 16 weeks.

The Permanent Secretary in the State Ministry of Information, Youth and Sports Development, Mr Kola Ajumobi, said this at a public enlightenment forum in Ado-Ekiti, the state capital.

He said that the gesture was approved by the state governor, Mr Ayodele Fayose, as part of his display of love and special regard for the womenfolk in the state.

He said it was also aimed at encouraging exclusive breastfeeding for newly born children in the first six months of birth.

 It is also meant to promote good nutrition for both mothers and their newborn children, he said.

Ajumobi said that nursing mothers would, in addition to the four months, be granted two hours’ off duty every day for a period of six months from the date they resumed from maternity leave.

According to him, the commitment of the Fayose-led administration to the reduction in mothers and children’s mortality and morbidity rate to the barest minimum remains sacrosanct.

Ajumobi said the crèche at the state secretariat had also been invigorated to boost bonding between mothers and their children during official working hours without undue hindrance to performance and efficiency at the workplace.

The permanent secretary lamented that lack of good nutrition; poverty, hunger as well as the lack of access to economic and political empowerment had largely contributed to high maternal and child mortality.

He, however, noted that the present administration in the state would continue to roll out various palliative packages exclusively for women to empower and guard them against avoidable travails.

Ajumobi said such measures already in existence include the provision of N500million as revolving soft-loan to promote small and medium Enterprises driven by women.

Also, women farmers were being supported with various incentives, he said. According to him, the government has also encouraged women’s access to political power. 

Harmful traditional practices to woman’s nutritional and sexual reproductive health, such as widowhood rites and inheritance had become criminal offences in the state, he said.

He also said that rapists and wife beaters now face life sentences in the state.

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Emir Of Kano Decries High Maternal Mortality In Northern Nigeria

The Emir of Kano, Muhammadu Sanusi II has blamed societal negligence for the high rate of maternal mortality in the country. He lamented that the worst global mortality rate was more visible in northern Nigeria.

"There is no place in the world where we have high number of maternal mortality than in India and Northern Nigeria. Many things are responsible for this, like illiteracy, poverty and related issues. People are just exhibiting I-don’t-care attitudes towards family health,” he said.

He stated this during the launch of a book titled, “Yanaye Yanayen Ciki da Haihuwa a Likitance” (Medical Conditions of Pregnancy and Delivery) authored by a Consultant Gynecologist, Prof. Hadiza Shehu Galadanchi in Kano.

 

 Sanusi disclosed that: “At the Emirate Council, we have a system of reporting births and deaths monthly. Our ward heads take stock of all births and deaths at birth within their jurisdictional areas. The information we get monthly is heartbreaking.” 

During the event, one of the reviewers of the book, Dr. Abdulhamid Isah Dutse, former Chief Medical Director of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) said the author of the book was able to come up with a figure that 545 pregnant women out of 100,000 die monthly in Nigeria. He added that the case was worse in the northern part of the country.

Governor Umar Ganduje, who was represented by his Deputy, Prof. Hafiz Abubakar, assured that the book would be distributed to nurses in health facilities across the state.

“We will liaise with the state Ministry of Health and ensure that health workers gain from this,” he said. Meanwhile, a recent survey conducted under the auspices of Development Research and Projects Centre (DRPC) has shown that Kano State Education Resource Department (KERD) has only 280 craft teachers for 77,299 students in secondary schools.

This was disclosed at a stakeholders’ workshop on using craft education for income generation for secondary schools aged girls held in Kano recently by Prof. Bala Ado Kofar Mata of the Centre for African Entrepreneurship Research and Training. It was organised by the DRPC and funded by Mac Arthur Foundation.

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Cancer Detecting Chewing Gums To Replace Blood Test

In an effort to make cancer diagnosis simple, a biotechnology company has developed chewing gum that could determine whether or not an individual has cancer. According to scientists behind the initiative, the gum absorbs what are called ‘volatiles’, which are chemical compounds that are released by certain forms of cancer in the person’s saliva as they chew it. After it has been chewed for 15 minutes, the product is then analysed to determine whether or not it contains these specific chemicals.

So far, the scientists at the Alabama-based firm, ‘Volatile Analysis’ have developed different types of gum that can detect pancreatic cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. According to the researchers, if this procedure was successful, it could mean the end of blood tests, urine samples and biopsies.

Chemicalsn produced in the body, called volatile organic compounds, are unique to each type of cancer. For example, a healthy lung and a lung infected with cancer exhale different compounds.
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It is characterised by out-of-control cell growth and there are over 100 different types of cancer.

Nigeria records 100,000 new cancer cases yearly. Katherine Bazemore, president and Chief Executive Officer, CEO of Volatile Analysis, teamed up with non-profit Hudson Alpha to develop the product. She explained that by determining which of those compounds are found in the gum, doctors can tell which type of cancer is present in the patient. “Technically, the gum concentrates the volatiles,” she added.

She said:“Each disease has different chemicals that come out through your breath.” Bazemore explained that gum remains in your mouth over an extended period of time and is durable enough to withstand testing. Patients would only have to chew the gum for about 15 minutes.

Right now, different types of gum can detect pancreatic cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. Bazemore is hopeful that they will soon have a singular product that will detect three or four different cancers and diseases. With use of the gum, patients would no longer need to go through blood tests or biopsies.

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Scientists Discover Possible Cure For Parkinson Disease

Scientists might have found a way to treat Parkinson’s disease by generating “dopamine neurons”, according to an article published in Nature Biotechnology.

The study, though at an early stage, found that brain cells can be reprogrammed to replace those that are destroyed by Parkinson’s, offering a new approach to solving the longtime medical problem.

Scientists conducted tests in mice with Parkinson-like symptoms, and found that the therapy seemed to ease the condition.
They noted that more studies need to be done before related tests can be conducted on humans.



People with Parkinson’s lack dopamine due to the loss of brain cells that make it.

The disease has afflicted numerous patients in various ways, from muscle rigidity and walking difficulties, to hallucinations and delusions.

For a long time, doctors have been able to manage the symptoms but could not treat the cause.
Scientists have been actively looking for different ways to lessen the symptoms and treat the disease.

GREATER consumption of fresh fruit has been associated with a lower incidence of diabetes, as well as reduced occurrence of complications in people with diabetes. Fruits and vegetables Researchers found that people who reported elevated consumption of fresh fruit had a lower associated risk of developing diabetes which corresponds to an estimated 0.2 per cent reduction in the absolute risk of diabetes over 5 years. In people with diabetes, higher consumption of fresh fruit was associated with a lower risk of mortality corresponding to an absolute decrease in risk of 1.9 per cent at 5 years, and with lower risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications. In addition to the health benefits of consuming fresh fruit, Du and colleagues emphasize the value of their findings for Asian populations where fruit consumption is commonly restricted in people with diabetes. The main limitation of this observational study is that the effects of fruit consumption can be difficult to distinguish from those of participants’ other dietary and behavioural characteristics.

Read more at: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/04/consumption-fresh-fruits-reduces-diabetes-risk/

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It Is Safe To Drink Fanta And Sprite In Nigeria - Health Ministry

The Federal Ministry of Health has clarified the position of Fanta and Sprite, certifying both drinks as safe for consumers.

This development arises from the recent court judgement on a case filed by Fijabi Holdings versus Nigeria Bottling Company (NBC) and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), both joined as a nominal party.

The court had ordered NAFDAC to order NBC to issue a mandatory warning on its Fanta and Sprite products, stating that the contents should not be taken with Vitamin C in order to avoid poisoning

According to the statement signed by Akinola Boade, Director of Media and Public Relations, Federal Ministry of Health, the findings of the Ministry’s investigation revealed that both Benzoic acid and Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) are ingredients approved by International Food Safety regulators and used in many food and beverage products around the world.

On whether the levels of additives introduced as preservatives are within specification or not, the statement revealed: “Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) is the organ established by Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) to set internationally recognised standards, codes of practice, guidelines relating to foods, food production, and food safety.

“In the case of Benzoic acid, the standard set by Codex was 600mg/kg until recently reviewed to 250mg/kg and adopted in 2016 (CODEX STAN 192–1995 revised 2015 and 2016); with reference to the Codex standard and other relevant documents, Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) as the standard setting body in Nigeria in consultation with technical experts and relevant stakeholders elaborated the standard of benzoic acid in soft drinks to be at 250mg/kg based on the national climatic and storage conditions – this standard has been in existence since 1997 and revised in 2008 (NIS 217:2008)

“The levels of benzoic acid in Fanta (1 batch) and Sprite (2 batches) presented by the claimant in the court are 188.64mg/kg, 201.06mg/kg and 161.5mg/kg respectively; these levels are in compliance with both the Codex and Nigeria Industrial Standards.”

The statement also clarifies that the Coca-Cola products manufactured in Nigeria are safe for consumption in view of the following reasons: “Risk assessment was conducted to ascertain maximum limits of food additives acceptable in foods; this takes into consideration the environmental, storage and distribution conditions as well as the shelf life of food products; NAFDAC and SON regularly monitor the manufacturing practices of food industries and conduct laboratory analysis to ascertain continuous compliance with required national standards; there was a routine inspection conducted at Nigeria Bottling Company by NAFDAC officers in December 2016 which was satisfactory.”

There has been widespread public fear that Fanta and Sprite produced by NBC Nigeria failed the UK benzoic test and therefore harmful to consumers. But the statement from the health ministry also clarified the difference between the standard of Fanta and Sprite in Nigeria and United Kingdom.

According to the statement, “with reference to the Codex standards, each country or region is permitted to adapt a standard/limit based on country-specific scientific evidence such as environmental, storage and distribution conditions; benzoic acid as a preservative prevents the growth of microorganisms which thrive more at higher climatic temperatures like in Nigeria.

“Due to the different environmental conditions obtainable in the UK, the standard for benzoic acid was set at a lower limit of 150mg/kg while in Nigeria it was set at 250mg/kg even below that of Codex (as at time of production of that batch; Codex limit was 600mgkg); and Food products being imported into a country must comply with the relevant standards of the destination country.”

The statement also revealed that NAFDAC has processes in place to ensure products imported into the country are evaluated to ascertain compliance with required Nigeria Industrial Standards. “The claimant did not obtain NAFDAC certification before export, otherwise, he would have been advised on the required standard of the destination country,” said the ministry in the statement.

“In view of the above, we would like to advise all Nigerians to take medicines with potable water. This would help to prevent unexpected drug-food interactions. For the benefit of the health of all Nigerians, all bottling companies are encouraged to insert advisory warnings on all products as necessary,” the Federal Ministry of Health advised.

The Honourable Minister of Health had summoned a meeting of the Department of Food and Drug Services, Federal Ministry of Health, NAFDAC, and Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) to address the issues raised by the judgement.

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Plantan Or Banana: Which Should You Have?

Plantains, also known as plátanos, are closely related cultivars of fruit or dessert banana. In general, they are treated as vegetables in the kitchen much like fellow tropical produces such as potatoes, taro, breadfruit, yam, sweet potatoes, etc. Indeed, plátano are one of the staple sources of carbohydrates for larger populations. Plantain is so rich that it is consumed in almost every part of the world.

Plantain is quite different from dessert banana, being taller and larger and more drought tolerant. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that develops from the underground rhizome. Like bananas, it too flourishes well under tropical moisture-rich, humid low-lying farmlands. At maturity, the rhizome gives rise to flower (inflorescence) that is carried up along its smooth, elongated, un-branched stem, piercing through the center of pseudo-stem, finally emerging out at the top in between its leafy clusters.

Plantain relatively has more calories weight for weight than that in the table bananas. 100 g plantain holds about 122 calories, while dessert banana has only 89 calories. Indeed, they are very reliable sources of starch and energy; ensuring food security for millions of inhabitants worldwide. It contains 2.3 g of dietary fiber per 100 g (6% of DRA per 100 g). Adequate amount of dietary-fiber in the food helps normal bowel movements, thereby reducing constipation problems.

Fresh plátanos have more vitamin C than bananas. 100 g provide 18.4 mg or 31% of daily required levels of this vitamin. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin-C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen-free radicals. However, boiling and cooking destroys much of this vitamin in plantains. Plantains carry more vitamin A than bananas. 100 g fresh ripe plantains contain 1127 IU or 37.5% of daily required levels of this vitamin.

As in bananas, they too are rich sources of B-complex vitamins, particularly high in vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine). Pyridoxine is an important B-complex vitamin that has a beneficial role in the treatment of neuritis, anemia, and to decrease homocystine (one of the causative factors for coronary artery disease (CHD) and stroke episodes) levels in the body. In addition, the fruit contains moderate levels of folates, niacin, riboflavin and thiamin.

They also provide adequate levels of minerals such as iron, magnesium, and phosphorous. Magnesium is essential for bone strengthening and has a cardiac-protective role as well. Fresh plantains have more potassium than bananas. 100 g fruit provides 499 mg of potassium (358 mg per 100 g for bananas). Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart rate and blood pressure, countering negative effects of sodium.

At maturity, plantains are generally harvested unripe and right away carried to the market for sale. Look for firm, mature, deep green, well-formed plantains that feel heavy in hand. Do not buy overripe, damaged, split fruits, as they stay poor. Once at home, store them open at room temperature for up to 4-5 days. Once ripen, plantains too, like bananas, are very fragile and show signs of decay in short time span.

Plantains are inedible raw and should be eaten only after cooked. To prepare, just wash the raw fruit in cold water and mop dry using paper cloth. Using a paring knife, trim either ends. Then, cut the fruit into short lengths, split the skin superficially along the ridge and peel the skin gently away from the flesh to get firm flesh inside. Oftentimes, the whole fruit may be barbequed with its skin. Otherwise, its peeled flesh may be cut into thin slices, grated, chunks treated much like potatoes in many traditional African and West-Indian cuisine.

Plantains make delicious savory recipes, used in place of potatoes in grills, mashed, bake, or fries. In South-Indian Kerala state, plantain chips (vaazhakka upperi) seasoned with salt and pepper, is a popular snack. Tostones (plátano, fried twice), prepared in a similar way are again a popular snacks in the Caribbean and Latin Americas. Its flower head (inflorescence) and interior icicle-white, tender stem (vazhai thandu in Malayalam) too are eaten in various kinds of recipes in South-Asian regions.

Sopa de plátano is a popular Caribbean soup preparation that used green platanos, garlic, cilantro, and cheese. Mashed plantain served with fried onions is a national breakfast dish of Dominican Republic. Mashed platanos are served with rice, eggs, beans, poultry, fish, etc., in these regions. In some African communities, plantain is pounded into a form in which it is eaten with stews or soups such as egusi soup or okro soup.

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Clot-buster Treatment Raises Hope For Stroke Patients

An alternative treatment for strokes, mechanical thrombectomy, which can bring patients ‘back to life’ on the operating table is now available. The revolutionary technique, which is already used across the United Kingdom, UK works for more people and is far more effective than Orthodox.  The procedure involves carefully removing the devastating blood clots which cause strokes from deep within the brain using a three-foot long wire.

Until now, doctors have mainly used drugs to dissolve the blood clots – but the chemicals can have severe side effects, and do not work at all in about 15 per cent of patients with the most severe strokes.

A stroke is when poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding.

They result in part of the brain not functioning properly. Patients treated with the new procedure have an 80 to 90 per cent chance of success, compared with 30 per cent using clot-busting drugs.

A study published in the ‘Lancet’ last year showed 50 per cent of people treated this way had shown neurological recovery within 24 hours, compared to just 21 per cent treated with clotbusting drugs. The treatment has until now been given to only 600 patients a year at a handful of hospitals across England.

However, Chief Executive of the NHS England, Simon Stevens, announced its use would be expanded to 24 hospitals.

Doctors at St George’s Hospital in South London, which has been trialling the technique since 2010, have reported patients who were completely paralysed by a stroke entirely recovered as soon as they received the treatment. Dr. Joe Leyon, an interventional neuroradiologist at St George’s, said last year: “It’s fair to say they have been brought back to life when they get these functions back in a moment.’

Crucially, it has to be used within six hours of the stroke to be effective, and until now, St George’s has been the only hospital to offer the treatment 24/7. Mr Stevens said the new services are to be phased in later this year, with an additional 1,000 patients set to benefit in the first year. Health Education England will also start training more highly-skilled interventional radiologists to carry out the technique, the report stated.

The technique involves a wire stent, which is a small mesh tube. It is fed through an artery in the groin up to the brain, where it grabs the clot and removes it entirely.

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